CONCEPT MAP
A concept
map is a type of graphic organizer used to help students organize and represent
knowledge of a subject. Concept maps begin with a main idea (or concept) and
then branch out to show how that main idea can be broken down into specific
topics.
Benefits of Concept Mapping
Concept mapping serves several purposes for learners:
- Helping
students brainstorm and generate new ideas
- Encouraging
students to discover new concepts and the propositions that connect them
- Allowing
students to more clearly communicate ideas, thoughts and information
- Helping
students integrate new concepts with older concepts
- Enabling
students to gain enhanced knowledge of any topic and evaluate the
information
Concept
Maps in Education
When created correctly and thoroughly, concept mapping is a powerful way for
students to reach high levels of cognitive performance. A concept map is also
not just a learning tool, but an ideal evaluation tool for educators measuring
the growth of and assessing student learning
Brainstorming
Brainstorming
is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion
for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed
by its members
The term was popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in the 1953 book
Applied Imagination.
Following
these two principles were his four general rules of brainstorming, established
with intention to:
- Reduce social inhibitions among
group members.
- Stimulate idea generation.
- Increase overall creativity of
the group.
Types of brainstorming
·
Speed storming
·
Brain Writing
·
Reverse Brainstorming or Reverse Thinking
·
Content Brainstorming Key
·
Focus Group
·
Team Brainstorming
PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem
solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods, in an
orderly manner, for finding solutions to problems. It is a mental process that
involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The best strategy for solving a problem
depends largely on the unique situation.
STEPS IN PROBLEM SOLVING
In order to correctly solve a problem,
it is important to follow a series of steps.
1. Identifying
the Problem
2. Defining
the problem
3. Forming a
strategy
4. Organizing
information
5. Allocating
Resources
6. Monitoring
Progress
7. Evaluating
the result
JOURNALING
It is a teaching strategy. Journaling is used
in academia as a means of aiding refection, depending students understanding
and stimulating critical thing. The value of Journaling in improving student
learning outcomes cannot be overemphasized.
Points that
you found especially interesting in your reading, and would like to follow up
in more detail. Questions that come up in your mind, because of points made in
material you read on this topic.
It is simply a summary of the course material.
PORTFOLIO
A student portfolio is a systematic
collection of student work and related material that depicts a student’s
activities, accomplishments, and achievement in one or more school subjects.
The collection should include evidence of student reflection and self
evaluation, guidelines for selecting the portfolio content and criteria for
judging the quality of the work. The goal is to help students assemble
portfolios that illustrate their talents, represent their writing capabilities,
and tell their stories of school achievement.
TWO TYPES OF PORTFOLIO
Process and product portfolio are the major type of portfolios.
A Process portfolio documents the stages of learning and
provides a progressive record of student growth.
A Product portfolio demonstrates
mastery of a learning task or a set of learning objectives and contains only
the best work.
Teacher use process portfolios to
help students identify learning goals, document progress over time and
demonstrate learning mastery.
In general teachers prefer to use
process portfolios because they are ideal for documenting the stages that
students go through as they learn progress.
